Making video surveillance greener and leaner

　　讓視頻監(jiān)控更環(huán)保更精簡(jiǎn)

　　Environmental implications are important considerations in surveillance system designs

　　在監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)當(dāng)中，對(duì)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境的影響是十分重要的考慮因素

　　Rising energy costs are compelling many organisations to optimise their computing environments. In fact, energy costs have quickly become the fastest growing operating cost, propelling many corporations to embark on new conservation and "green" initiatives. Marc Holtenhoff, CEO of Aimetis, explores ways to reduce energy consumption within video surveillance applications, that could pave the way for a ‘green' security industry.

　　不斷上漲的能源成本迫使越來(lái)越多的企業(yè)逐步優(yōu)化它們的計(jì)算環(huán)境。事實(shí)上，能源成本已經(jīng)迅速的成為增長(zhǎng)最快的經(jīng)營(yíng)成本，這使得許多企業(yè)開(kāi)始?jí)嚎s開(kāi)支并倡導(dǎo)“綠色”概念。安視首席執(zhí)行官M(fèi)arc Holtenhoff，與大家一起來(lái)探討如何在視頻監(jiān)控應(yīng)用中減少能源消耗，邁向“綠色”安防工業(yè)。

　　Fortunately, green Information Technology (IT) not only helps the planet but reduces operational pressure. Green IT becomes even more important when video surveillance is taken into consideration. With the recent proliferation of CCTV systems, energy consumption from video surveillance has increased dramatically, resulting in higher total cost of ownership. However, as video surveillance transitions from proprietary "black box" DVR deployments towards IP deployments using commercial-off-the-shelf hardware, video surveillance becomes both greener and leaner.

　　幸運(yùn)的是，綠色信息技術(shù)(IT)不僅有利于地球環(huán)保，而且還降低了企業(yè)的經(jīng)營(yíng)壓力。當(dāng)視頻監(jiān)控被納入環(huán)?？紤]后，綠色I(xiàn)T比以往任何時(shí)候都顯得重要了。隨著目前CCTV系統(tǒng)的推廣應(yīng)用，來(lái)自視頻監(jiān)控的能源消費(fèi)急劇增加，這導(dǎo)致企業(yè)和用戶擁有設(shè)備的總成本更高。不過(guò)，隨著視頻監(jiān)控使用現(xiàn)成的商用硬件由專(zhuān)有的“黑匣子”DVR部署向IP部署過(guò)渡，視頻監(jiān)控變得更環(huán)保更精簡(jiǎn)。

　　Video surveillance energy consumption is largely attributed to the electrical power required to operate the video servers that are running the security cameras and storing vast amounts of recorded video data. However, electrical power usage is not a typical design criterion for CCTV, nor is it properly managed as an expense. This is likely because the billed electrical costs are not clearly linked to CCTV, and the electrical bill is not within the responsibility or the budget of the security group.

　　視頻監(jiān)控的能源消耗很大程度上是由于運(yùn)行安防攝像機(jī)和存儲(chǔ)大量視頻數(shù)據(jù)的視頻服務(wù)對(duì)電源的要求。然而，電源使用量并不是CCTV設(shè)計(jì)的典型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，也不是直接納入支出管理。這可能是因?yàn)殡娏Τ杀镜挠?jì)算并沒(méi)有明確的與CCTV聯(lián)系起來(lái)，電費(fèi)成本不算入責(zé)任和安防管理組的預(yù)算。 

　注：譯文著作權(quán)安防知識(shí)網(wǎng)所有，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)無(wú)比注明文章來(lái)源及翻譯作者      [nextpage]

　　Electrical power consumption in CCTV

　　CCTV的電源消耗

　　With the recent proliferation of CCTV systems, energy consumption from video surveillance has increased dramatically

　　隨著最近的CCTV系統(tǒng)的推廣應(yīng)用，來(lái)自視頻監(jiān)控的能源消耗急劇增加

　　The fact that most CCTV deployments today make inefficient use of the energy they consume is hardly a surprise. With industry research estimates that more than 50 percent of the energy used in the server room goes to power and cooling equipment rather than computations and processing, the true costs of running excess servers and storage are not well understood.

　　事實(shí)上，今天絕大多數(shù)CCTV部署的能源利用率都不高，這并不奇怪。行業(yè)研究估計(jì)，機(jī)房當(dāng)中超過(guò)50%的能源消耗來(lái)自于供電和制冷設(shè)備，而不是運(yùn)算和處理，真正運(yùn)行剩下服務(wù)器和存儲(chǔ)的成本反而無(wú)法被了解到。

　　Using IP surveillance solutions to reduce energy consumption

　　使用IP監(jiān)控解決方案以減少能源消耗

　　With the above in mind, it goes without saying that when deploying a video surveillance system best efforts should be taken to reduce the number of servers required. This makes sense not only for the environment, but also for the pocket book. To this point, IP surveillance offers clear advantages over analogue CCTV or DVR deployments with significant savings as a result of sharing existing network infrastructure, computation and storage.

　　鑒于上述情況，不言而喻，部署視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的最佳效果應(yīng)該是減少所需服務(wù)器的數(shù)量。這對(duì)無(wú)論是系統(tǒng)環(huán)境，還是必要的花費(fèi)來(lái)說(shuō)都是很有意義的。在這一點(diǎn)上，IP監(jiān)控比模擬CCTV或者DVR部署有明確的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它能分享現(xiàn)有的網(wǎng)絡(luò)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，而且大大節(jié)省了運(yùn)算和存儲(chǔ)成本。

　　IP surveillance software plays an important role in helping to reduce the hardware footprint. Here are eight factors that contribute to a positive environmental and operational impact with IP surveillance software.

　　IP監(jiān)控軟件在減少硬件方面扮演了重要角色。而影響構(gòu)建積極的IP監(jiān)控軟件環(huán)境和運(yùn)營(yíng)的因素有以下八個(gè)：

　　IP surveillance offers clear advantages over analogue CCTV or DVR deployments with significant savings

　　IP監(jiān)控比模擬CCTV或者DVR有明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)

　　Camera density per server

　　每個(gè)服務(wù)器的攝像機(jī)密度

　　With CCTV deployments, typical security camera density ranges from 4 to 32 channels per DVR, and come in increments of 4 or 8 channels. Consequently, numerous physical servers are necessary since the total number of cameras exceeds one server. With IP video surveillance software, more than 200 surveillance cameras can be managed and recorded using a single, energy efficient server, which normally takes 2U of rack space (about half the typical rack space of a single 16 channel DVR).

　　使用CCTV部署時(shí)，每個(gè)DVR的典型安防攝像機(jī)密度范圍從4個(gè)到32個(gè)通道，并且要留出4或8個(gè)通道作為擴(kuò)展。因此，當(dāng)攝像機(jī)總數(shù)超出一臺(tái)服務(wù)器的密度的時(shí)候，必需要增加物理服務(wù)器。采用IP視頻監(jiān)控軟件的話，就可以用一臺(tái)單獨(dú)的、節(jié)能的服務(wù)器管理和記錄超過(guò)200個(gè)監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)，并且只占用2U的機(jī)架空間(大約是一個(gè)典型的獨(dú)立16通道DVR機(jī)架空間的一半)。

　　Take an example of a 70-camera deployment. In this scenario, three 4U DVRs can be replaced by one, industry-standard 2U server running Windows and video surveillance software. Consequently, energy consumption is reduced by more than $1000 per year when factoring savings from fewer servers and less cooling requirements. Better still, vital rack space is returned and re-usable for other projects.

　　以一個(gè)70臺(tái)攝像機(jī)的部署為例。在這種情況下，可以以一個(gè)行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的2U服務(wù)器取代三個(gè)4U DVR，來(lái)運(yùn)行Windows和視頻監(jiān)控軟件。因此，更少的服務(wù)器和制冷設(shè)備的需求使得每年能源消耗成本減少1000美元以上。更好的是，空余下來(lái)的機(jī)架空間可以重新在其他項(xiàng)目中使用。[nextpage]

　　Virtualisation

　　虛擬化

　　One of the reasons that energy costs spiral can be found in the "one-to-one-to-one" hardware approach, where each server hosts only one operating system that, in turn, runs a single application. Not only are these environments expensive, but they also promote IT inefficiency, because multiple servers operate at a fraction of their computing capacity.

　　在“一對(duì)一對(duì)一”的硬件方式中可以發(fā)現(xiàn)成本螺旋式的增加，這其中一個(gè)原因是，每個(gè)服務(wù)器主機(jī)只有一個(gè)操作系統(tǒng)，且只能按順序每次運(yùn)行一個(gè)單獨(dú)的應(yīng)用程序。不僅構(gòu)建這些運(yùn)行環(huán)境價(jià)格昂貴，而且它們也使得IT效率底下，因?yàn)楹脦着_(tái)服務(wù)器在運(yùn)作，卻只能執(zhí)行一小部分運(yùn)算能力。

　　This under-utilisation scenario is typical with deployments using DVRs. For example, supporting nine surveillance cameras may require the use of two 8-channel DVRs. However, both DVRs are typically operating with a CPU load of less than 10 percent.

　　這種未充分利用的部署的典型例子就是用DVR來(lái)部署。比如，要支持九個(gè)監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)可能要求用到兩個(gè)8通道DVR。但是，這兩個(gè)DVR通常各自的CPU負(fù)載都用不到十分之一。

　　Most CCTV deployments today make inefficient use of the energy they consume

　　今天絕大多數(shù)CCTV部署的能源利用效率不高

　　This "one-to-one-to-one" hardware approach also unnecessarily increases software maintenance and support due to the sheer number of physical servers requiring software patches or hardware maintenance. Worse still, the risk of data loss is significant since not only is the cost of purchasing numerous back-up servers prohibitive, but the additional required rack space is non-existent, and the additional 400W of electricity required to support them further adds to operating costs and carbon emissions.

　　這種“一對(duì)一對(duì)一”的硬件方式還增加了不必要的軟件維護(hù)和支持，這歸咎于絕對(duì)數(shù)量的物理服務(wù)器需要軟件補(bǔ)丁或要進(jìn)行硬件維護(hù)。從購(gòu)買(mǎi)眾多備份服務(wù)器讓人望而卻步，到額外的機(jī)架空間的要求困難，再到為保障未來(lái)增加的設(shè)備還要增加的額外400W供電要求，卻又造成的運(yùn)營(yíng)成本和碳排放量。這些都讓人困擾，更糟糕的是，還明顯地存在著數(shù)據(jù)丟失的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

　　With virtualisation technology, organisations can consolidate servers and easily reduce IT power requirements. A virtualised IT environment also dramatically decreases IT administration costs. For example, with only one physical server instead of two, server BIOS updates are cut in half, backups and disaster recovery becomes a fraction of the cost with fewer physical servers to protect and network ports are relinquished with fewer physical servers requiring connectivity to the network.

　　采用虛擬技術(shù)，企業(yè)可以整合服務(wù)器并且輕松的減少I(mǎi)T供電需求。一個(gè)虛擬的IT環(huán)境同時(shí)大大降低了IT管理成本。舉個(gè)例子，用一個(gè)物理服務(wù)器取代兩個(gè)，服務(wù)器BIOS更新減少一半，而且需要保護(hù)的物理服務(wù)器少了，備份和應(yīng)急恢復(fù)的成本也只有一小部分了;同時(shí)，減少了物理服務(wù)器聯(lián)網(wǎng)的需要，也無(wú)需占用更多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)端口。

　　Typical analogue and DVR CCTV deployments cannot leverage the excess computing and storage capacity that virtualisation provides due to their proprietary nature. Conversely, a surveillance solution that uses open IP video management software product running on commercial-off-the-shelf hardware is able to benefit from virtualised computing environments, provided the video management software supports virtualisation technology. As a result, IP surveillance is not only better for the environment but substantially lowers costs.

　　典型的模擬和DVR 的CCTV部署，由于其專(zhuān)有性，不能利用虛擬化后提供的多余的運(yùn)算和存儲(chǔ)能力。相反，在現(xiàn)有的商用硬件上使用開(kāi)放的IP視頻管理軟件產(chǎn)品，且該視頻管理軟件支持虛擬技術(shù)的話，這樣監(jiān)控方案就能夠受益于虛擬計(jì)算環(huán)境了。 因此，IP監(jiān)控不僅對(duì)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境有好處，而且大大降低了成本。

　　With virtualisation technology, organisations can consolidate servers and easily reduce IT power requirements

　　使用虛擬技術(shù)，企業(yè)和組織可以整合服務(wù)并輕松的減少I(mǎi)T供電的需求[nextpage]

　　Video analytics and reduced video storage

　　視頻分析與降低視頻存儲(chǔ)空間

　　Video analytics can play a sizeable role in reducing video storage requirements by only recording when relevant activity occurs. This, in turn, reduces space and energy requirements. It should also be noted that video analytics are significantly more accurate at detecting relevant activity than video motion detection (VMD), which means less storage is wasted for false events.

　　通過(guò)只對(duì)有關(guān)活動(dòng)進(jìn)行記錄，視頻分析可以在減少視頻存儲(chǔ)需求中扮演重要角色。這又同時(shí)減少了空間和能源的需求。還需要指出的是，視頻分析在偵測(cè)相關(guān)活動(dòng)方面明顯的比視頻運(yùn)動(dòng)偵測(cè)(VMD)來(lái)得更準(zhǔn)確，這意味著因虛假事件而浪費(fèi)的存儲(chǔ)空間的減少。

　　In a typical surveillance environment not using video analytics for event-based recording, the amount of storage required for 16 cameras, storing 24 fps at 640x480 resolution for 7 days using MPEG-4 is about 20GB per camera. Studies have shown in a difficult outdoor environment that using video analytics enabled results in storage savings of more than 50% as compared to DVRs using VMD.

　　在一個(gè)不使用基于事件記錄的視頻分析的典型監(jiān)控環(huán)境中，16臺(tái)攝像機(jī)使用MPEG-4格式在640x480分辨率下以24fps進(jìn)行記錄，每臺(tái)攝像機(jī)7天所需要的存儲(chǔ)空間約為20G。研究結(jié)果表明在嚴(yán)峻的戶外環(huán)境中使用視頻分析的話，相較于使用VMD的DVR可以節(jié)省超過(guò)50%的存儲(chǔ)空間。

　　With video analytics, video recordings caused by irrelevant background noise is greatly reduced, resulting in less disk space required for the same 7-day period. Better still, video analytics also reduces rack space and electricity dedicated for storage.

　　使用視頻分析，由不相關(guān)的背景噪音引起的視頻記錄大大減少，從而減少相同7天周期內(nèi)所需的磁盤(pán)空間。更妙的是，視頻分析也大大減少機(jī)架空間和存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備的專(zhuān)用供電。

　　Unfortunately, in many cases video analytics is supplied by a different vendor than what was used for video recording. By adding an additional piece of hardware for analytics, which runs parallel to the existing recording product (such as a DVR or NVR), it undermines the green IT strategy by duplicating unnecessary hardware. By using a single software product for both video management and video analytics, users are able to take full advantage of the cost-saving benefits without the corresponding server increase for running analytics.

　　不幸的是，在許多情況下視頻分析是由不同的供應(yīng)商來(lái)提供的，而不是我們所使用的視頻存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備的供應(yīng)商。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)分析功能要增加額外的硬件，以與現(xiàn)有的存儲(chǔ)產(chǎn)品(如DVR或NVR)一起運(yùn)行，這樣復(fù)制不必要的硬件的方法違背綠色I(xiàn)T戰(zhàn)略。通過(guò)使用能同時(shí)進(jìn)行視頻管理和分析的單一軟件產(chǎn)品，用戶們可以在不增加相應(yīng)的分析服務(wù)器的情況下，充分的享受節(jié)約成本的好處。

　　Saving money via IP video surveillance is a welcome change from the pervasive mindset that green initiatives must be costly

　　通過(guò)IP視頻監(jiān)控來(lái)節(jié)約資金從普遍心態(tài)上來(lái)看是一個(gè)受歡迎的轉(zhuǎn)變，這改變了人們認(rèn)為綠色行動(dòng)成本昂貴的觀念。

　　Video compression with H.264

　　以H.264格式進(jìn)行視頻壓縮

　　H.264 is the preferred video encoding compression standard capable of providing good video quality at substantially lower bit rates than previous standards. H.264 represents a 50% reduction in bandwidth and storage over MPEG-4 and an 80% reduction over MJPEG, which reduce hardware, space and power requirements.

　　相對(duì)于以前的視頻壓縮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)說(shuō)，H.264是現(xiàn)在首選的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在保障視頻質(zhì)量的同時(shí)又大大降低了視頻文件的比特率。采用H.264編碼意味著比MPEG-4降低50%的帶寬占用和存儲(chǔ)空間，而比MJPEG編碼方式則減少了80%。這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)降低了對(duì)硬件、空間和電源需求。

　　Green licensing

　　綠色許可證

　　Most video surveillance software vendors offer different license versions depending on surveillance requirements. The problem is that more often than not, the different software versions are unable to run on the same server. Users should ensure that each of the available license versions can be mixed and matched on a single server. This means that the end-user can choose to run analytics on selected surveillance cameras, and standard video management software on other cameras without the need to add additional servers.

　　大多數(shù)視頻監(jiān)控軟件供應(yīng)商會(huì)根據(jù)監(jiān)控需求提供不同的許可證版本。問(wèn)題是，往往不同軟件版本無(wú)法在同一個(gè)服務(wù)器上運(yùn)行。用戶應(yīng)該確保每一個(gè)可用的許可證版本能夠在一個(gè)單獨(dú)的服務(wù)器上混合運(yùn)行。這意味著終端用戶無(wú)需添加額外的服務(wù)器，就可以選擇在指定的監(jiān)控?cái)z像機(jī)上運(yùn)行分析，而在其他在其他攝像機(jī)上運(yùn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)視頻管理軟件。

　　Power over Ethernet

　　以太網(wǎng)供電(PoE)

　　Power over Ethernet (PoE) is a technology for wired Ethernet local-area networks that allows the electrical current necessary for the operation of each device to be carried by the data cables rather than by power cords. This minimises the number of wires that must be strung in order to install the network. The result is lower cost, less downtime, easier maintenance and greater installation flexibility than with traditional wiring. Additionally, using PoE it is possible to provide the data required for network software to reduce enterprise energy consumption with better power allocation and management.

　　以太網(wǎng)供電(PoE)是一種在有線局域網(wǎng)上運(yùn)用的技術(shù)，它可以允許現(xiàn)有的設(shè)備通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)線來(lái)供電而不是電源線。這樣可以減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)安裝布線使用的線纜數(shù)。其結(jié)果是降低了成本，減少了停機(jī)時(shí)間，更易于維護(hù)且比傳統(tǒng)布線有更好的靈活性。另外，使用PoE可以實(shí)現(xiàn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件提供數(shù)據(jù)請(qǐng)求，以更好的電源分配和管理來(lái)減少企業(yè)能源消耗。[nextpage]

　　A recent study found that digital delivery reduced total tons of carbon emissions by 88%

　　Remote surveillance and monitoring

　　遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控和監(jiān)測(cè)

　　Remote surveillance is an effective tool for eliminating unnecessary driving or flying to verify security alarms and track job-site progress. Consider a construction site that will often deploy cameras to protect against raw material theft. With video analytics, remote monitoring personnel can be notified of suspicious activity (e.g. perimeter breach) and verify the security alarm before sending a guard, or police to drive to the site. The same argument applies for corporate facility security as well.

　　遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控對(duì)于確認(rèn)遠(yuǎn)方安防警報(bào)和跟蹤工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)而言是很有效率的工具，因?yàn)椴槐卦匍_(kāi)車(chē)和坐飛機(jī)帶現(xiàn)場(chǎng)去了?？梢钥紤]時(shí)常在建設(shè)工地部署攝像機(jī)來(lái)防止原材料被盜。使用視頻分析，遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控人員能夠及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)可疑的活動(dòng)(比如工地有人侵入)，并在保安和警察抵達(dá)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)前確認(rèn)安防報(bào)警。遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控同樣也適用于對(duì)企業(yè)設(shè)施的安全防范。

　　Online distribution

　　在線發(fā)布

　　A recent study found that digital delivery reduced total tons of carbon emissions by 88%. The elimination of transportation and packaging provides the greatest opportunity for carbon emissions reduction. By making products available online via digital download, vendors can eliminate nearly 100% of the carbon emissions associated with transportation, as shipping is not required. Additionally, without the need for packaging, online software distribution eliminates carbon emissions.

　　最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，數(shù)字傳輸可以減少88%的碳排放總量。運(yùn)輸和包裝的減少為節(jié)能減排創(chuàng)造了條件。通過(guò)從網(wǎng)絡(luò)上下載數(shù)字產(chǎn)品，由于不再需要航運(yùn)，供應(yīng)商幾乎可以100%減少與運(yùn)輸相關(guān)的二氧化碳排放。此外，在線軟件發(fā)布，因?yàn)闆](méi)有包裝的必要， 也為減少碳排放貢獻(xiàn)不小。

　　Additionally, remote surveillance can be used in place of management driving or flying to job-sites to track job-site progress. To put the benefit of remote surveillance into perspective, eliminating just one 50-mile drive, or one three-hour flight saves 88.2 and 1543 lbs. of carbon dioxide emissions, respectively.

　　此外，遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控能夠運(yùn)用到需要開(kāi)車(chē)或搭飛機(jī)抵達(dá)工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)跟蹤作業(yè)進(jìn)程的管理中?？纯催h(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控帶來(lái)的好處，免去一個(gè)50英里的路程，或一個(gè)三小時(shí)的飛行航程的話，可以分別節(jié)省88.2和1543磅的二氧化碳排放量。

　　Approaches to green security aren't costly

　　通向綠色安防并不昂貴

　　Incorporating the above mentioned eight approaches will enable you to both reduce energy consumption and the environmental impact. And saving money via IP video surveillance is a welcome change from the pervasive mindset that green initiatives must be costly. In fact, you can be both greener and leaner.

　　結(jié)合以上提到的八個(gè)方法，將讓您既能減少能源消耗又能降低環(huán)境影響。通過(guò)IP視頻監(jiān)控來(lái)節(jié)約資金從普遍心態(tài)來(lái)看是受歡迎的轉(zhuǎn)變，這扭轉(zhuǎn)了人們認(rèn)為倡導(dǎo)綠色行動(dòng)成本昂貴的觀念。事實(shí)上，你可以做到既綠色又精簡(jiǎn)。

　　注：譯文著作權(quán)安防知識(shí)網(wǎng)所有，轉(zhuǎn)載請(qǐng)無(wú)比注明文章來(lái)源及翻譯作者

　　Marc Holtenhoff

　　CEO of Aimetis

　　Marc Holtenhoff

　　安視首席執(zhí)行官